平流层飞艇总体设计的基础问题

Stratospheric airship is a new kind of long-endurance near-space vehicle, which has the characteristics of high flight altitude, long endurance time, outstanding carrying capacity and good cost-effectiveness ratio. Because of its unique flight performance, stratospheric airship possesses extremely extensive and important prospects in application, such as the fields of Earth observation and communication relay. However, design and development of stratospheric airship is a difficult task of system engineering because this vehicle system is highly complex, and the basic problems and solutions of its conceptual design are not completely clear. To solve these problems, this paper introduces the basic characteristics of stratospheric wind field, temperature, and pressure, and then combs the influence of stratospheric environment on the preliminary design of stratospheric airship. Also, the differences between stratospheric airship and conventional low-altitude airship are pointed out by summarizing the remarkable characteristics of stratospheric airship from the aspects of aerodynamics and thermodynamics. Finally, the influence of fundamental problems on the conceptual design of stratospheric airship is discussed to provide reference for the development of stratospheric airship technology.