基于 MARTE 和 STAMP 的安全关键软件测试建模方法

The application of model-based systems engineering (MBSE) methods in the development and testing of safety-critical software has become a current research hotspot. However, accurately and comprehensively modeling the safety attributes of software remains a significant challenge. Safety-critical software, typically embedded in real-time systems, must not only meet stringent functional and safety requirements but also execute operations correctly within strict time constraints to ensure real-time performance and system reliability. In modern software engineering, as the complexity of safety-critical software increases, traditional modeling methods can no longer adequately address the dual demands of high safety and real-time performance. This paper focuses on integrating safety characteristics into model-based testing techniques for safety-critical software, proposing an innovative modeling approach based on the MARTE (modeling and analysis of real-time and embedded systems) language and the STAMP (systems-theoretic accident model and process) theory. This approach extends MARTE stereotypes, adds tags to constrain non-functional properties, and incorporates the STAMP control structure model into the MARTE view hierarchy. A multi-view hybrid model is formed through iterative modeling using STPA (system theoretic process analysis) techniques. Steps in the STPA method, including control structure construction, identification of unsafe control actions, and causal scenario analysis, provide deeper analysis and greater potential for automation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed modeling method can effectively and clearly present both functional and non-functional performance requirements of software systems, thus better achieving the characterization of software safety properties based on models. This approach also provides a stronger technical foundation for automated modeling. In the future, we aim to further advance the automation of test model construction, develop software tools that can automatically implement model building and STPA safety analysis, and generate test cases and test systems, thereby enhancing the efficiency of model-based testing techniques.