基于随机预言模型的量子仲裁签名方案安全性分

The security analysis of quantum cryptographic protocol is an important research direction in quantum cryptography. Considering random oracle model is an effective tool of cryptographic protocol analysis in classical cryptography, it is attractive to apply random oracle to quantum cryptography. Till now, quantum cryptographic protocols still lack general analysis tools. In this paper, we attempt to apply classical random oracle model to the security analysis of an arbitrated quantum signature scheme that is based on non-orthogonal quantum states, which implies the effectiveness of the analysis method based on random oracle model. Concretely, the arbitrated quantum signature uses non-orthogonal quantum states to guarantee the unconditional security of shared keys and cryptographic hash function to ensure integrity of the message. For the feature of arbitrated quantum signature scheme, non-cloning theorem is chosen to be the underlying hard problem for reduction to analyze the non-orthogonal quantum states based quantum signature scheme. The Unbiased Chosen Basis (UCB) assumption is used to analyze the provable security of the arbitrated quantum signature schemes. Compared with computational hard problems for classical cryptography, physical property of quantum mechanics can provide better security. In the procedure of security proof, different kinds of query is defined to model the attack capability of adversary, such as channel attack, secret key attack and forgery attack. Security analysis of arbitrated quantum signature scheme shows the effectiveness of random oracle model to quantum cryptographic protocol analysis.